Overview of HIV Essay - 538 Words

HIV, or the human immunodeficiency virus, is a virus found in human beings that primarily infects cells that are part of the immune system, but can affect other cell types as well. HIV is what is called a retrovirus, meaning it has the coding system of RNA opposed to DNA. AIDS is a virus that is caused by HIV and has many different symptoms that vary with different individuals. HIV causes symptoms such as severe infections that can lead to pneumonia and changes of the skin like red or purple patches. The virus can spread through sexual contact or the exchange of blood. HIV can be transmitted through sexual contact, exchange of blood, and childbirth or breastfeeding. HIV is found at high concentrations in the bloodstream, meaning it can†¦show more content†¦The HIV virus could possibly have been spread from a type of ape in Africa that contracted the animal version of HIV, called SIV, and infected humans when they hunted the ape, then changed from SIV into HIV after mutation. The virus then, throughout the years, spread to US and caused KS. nearly forty percent of people with HIV developed KS in the 1980’s and the disease became the face of HIV. Dr. Robert Gallo from NIH discovered the cause of HIV and how to diagnose it in April of 1984. Gallo stated that the HTLV-III virus is most likely the cause of HIV/Aids. HIV can be prevented from limiting the number of sexual partners you have and not sharing needles when performing injections. Post-exposure prophylaxis, or PEP, is a type of medication that can be taken to prevent the infection of HIV if a person thinks that they may have been exposed to the virus on recent occasions. Keeping cuts or sores covered is a way to prevent the exposure to HIV because HIV can be transmitted through open wounds. Always make sure that the hospital or clinic performing a blood transplant or transfusion had tested the blood for HIV before going in for the operation, as HIV can be spread through blood. Mothers should never feed their child breast milk if they are infected with the HIV virus due to the fact that children can catch the virus through breast milk. The FDA has currently approved 31 different anti-retrviral drugs that are able to treat HIV, but none of themShow MoreRelatedOverview of HIV AIDS704 Words   |  3 PagesOverview of HIV/AIDS 1.1.1 Discovery Records show that Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) was first observed in the United States in the early 1980’s among healthy young intravenous drug users and gay men, who came down with Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PCP), opportunistic cryptococcal or cytomegalovirus infections and some rare malignancies like Kaposi’s sarcoma that are known to occur in patients with compromised immune system (1). The rising incidences of PCP infections and Kaposi’sRead More Detailed Overview of HIV Essay3720 Words   |  15 PagesSince the onset of the HIV/AIDS epidemic 15 years ago, the virus has infected more than 47 million people in the world. With more than 2.2 million deaths in 1998, HIV/AIDS has now become the fourth leading cause of mortality and its impact is going to increase. Over 95% of all cases and 95% of AIDS deaths occur in the developing world, mostly among young adults and increasingly in women. HIV can be prevented in many ways, but they are not always followed. People die when they dont play itRead MoreThe Immune System: HIV/AIDS Essay893 Words   |  4 PagesHIV is a world pandemic that has caused the death of â€Å"30 million† (CDC – Statistics Overview – Statistics Center – HIV/AIDS, CDC) innocent lives. HIV is devastating virus that destroys people’s immune systems and leaves them vulnerable to other diseases. HIV is an acronym for Human Immunodeficiency Virus, which means that the virus is found only in humans and targets the immune system. The virus kills CD4 cells, cells in the immune system that fight off infections and diseases. HIV has been aroundRead MoreHuman Immunodeficiency Virus And The Body s Natural Defense System1688 Words   |  7 Pages Human Immunodeficiency Virus â€Å"HIV also known as human immunodeficiency virus is a virus that attacks the immune system, the body s natural defense system.† When a person has a weak immune system as oppose to a strong immune system the body has a hard time fighting off the disease. The HIV virus and the infection that it causes is called HIV. White blood cells are an important part of the immune system. One of the major symptoms and by far the worst is when HIV infects and destroys certain whiteRead MoreHiv And Aids Epidemic. In The 21St Century, Everyone Has1439 Words   |  6 PagesHIV and AIDS Epidemic In the 21st century, everyone has heard of the frightening HIV and AIDS virus. The disease we first discovered in 1983 in Arica, when it killed millions of people, especially poor people and travelers. In the developing countries, the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) are considered a death sentence, the world over, it is a frightening virus that has killed many people. The research provided me with the information the developingRead MoreDurex Save Sex Campaign Against AIDS-HIV688 Words   |  3 PagesPresentation Overview Durex Save Sex Campaign Against AIDS/HIV Hello to everyone, my name is Irem Gamsizoglu, and I`m first year medicine student. I will tell you about disease that is spread all around the world – AIDS and HIV and the corporate social responsibility campaign made by one of the most famous contraception related company Durex. And I`d like to start my overview with famous quote by Elizabeth Taylor; once she said that â€Å"It is bad enough that people are dying of AIDS, but no one shouldRead MoreHiv Research Paper808 Words   |  4 PagesWhich Populations in the United States Today, are at the Highest-Risk of HIV Infection? In the United States (US) there are currently 1.2 million people infected/living with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). The HIV epidemic in the US is concentrated in the following at risk populations and geographic area: (1) Gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with other men of all races/ethnicities (high burden of HIV among Black gay and bisexual men), (2) Black women and men, (3) Latinos/LatinasRead MoreThe Global Health Issue Of Hiv And Aids869 Words   |  4 Pagesin Africa aids is the health issues. HIV and AIDS has become on the biggest epidemics in the Sub-Saharan Africa region. There has been an estimated 24.7 million people were living with HIV (Shah, A. n.d). The 24.7 million people represent the seventy-one percent of the aids population in the world (Shah, A. n.d). Background of HIV/AIDS To understand how devastating HIV/AIDS is there must be background on how HIV and AIDS develops and why it is so deadly. HIV stands for human immunodeficiency virusRead MoreHiv Is A Human Immunodeficiency Virus1721 Words   |  7 PagesPicture this: a young child who is very skinny, ribs and all other bones are showing through the skin, they are born with HIV. it then leads to AIDS, due to their parents. HIV is a Human Immunodeficiency Virus. If HIV is left untreated, it can lead to AIDS, which is an acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. In Nigeria, Africa millions of people have the disease of AIDS and HIV. There is not many treatment options or solutions for this serious issue that takes place all over the country. There are aRead MoreAids, Hiv, And Aids1726 Words   |  7 PagesAIDS and HIV in Africa Picture this: a young child who is very skinny, ribs and all other bones are showing through the skin, they are born with HIV. it then leads to AIDS, due to their parents. HIV is a Human Immunodeficiency Virus. If HIV is left untreated, it can lead to AIDS, which is an acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. In Nigeria, Africa millions of people have the disease of AIDS and HIV. There is not many treatment options or solutions for this serious issue that takes place all over the

Project Management The Time Constraint - 3014 Words

Abstract There are three major constraints of Project Management: the Time constraint, the Cost constraint and the Scope/Quality constraint. As the name suggests, the Time constraint refers to the time available for the completion of the project, Cost constraint refers to the allocated budget and the Scope constraint refers to the final expected outcome. For a construction project, it is virtually impossible to achieve the best of all worlds, i.e., cheapest, fastest and of the desired quality. Due to the dynamic nature of a construction project, a construction engineer faces a large number of complex problems. As a result of which, the cheapest method may yield a product which falls short in quality or the fastest means to achieve the†¦show more content†¦Trade-offs between the total cost, duration and overall quality is an issue that is commonly discussed by all project managers. The goal of this trade-off analysis is to come up with a plan that minimizes the cost and duration while meeting the quality as demanded by the owner. Understanding the dynamic inter-relationship between these parameters is essential for planning a successful project that satisfies all parties (Owner, Construction Manager, Contractor, and Consultant). [7] During 1970 to 1990, a one-dimensional approach was followed. The primary aim of project managers was to reduce the total cost of the construction project. Gradually, ‘Time’ was considered as the second factor in addition to the cost of the project. This was a two-dimensional approach. Quality was introduced as the third dimension by the end of 20th century. More recently, another dimension, scope, has been realized as an equally important factor while carrying out a trade-off analysis to optimize the overall output of the project. See the figure below which graphically shows this evolution of contracting methods. Figure 1: Evolution of Contracting Methods Construction industry is very volatile and involves huge amount of uncertainty due to numerous stages involved in any construction project. The construction industry in the US contributes about $600 billion, which is approximately 5% of the total GDP of the country. So

Imposing Meaning Upon Chaos free essay sample

The journey itself is a metaphor for human existence—the suggestion that our place as humans on earth is purely by chance, and we seek to find things to take as â€Å"signs† in order to validate that humans are purposed individuals and not accidental products of random science. An example of how Pynchon’s representation of the way in which people impose interpretation on the meaningless is a way to force order into an environment that is unequivocally disordered. Oedipa is faced with all sorts of information and all sorts of imaginings, but she cannot easily determine what is real and what she should dismiss as the product of an overactive imagination. She is desperate for any sign of confirmation that there is a purpose for where she is in life. Pynchon displays her desperation as Oedipa goes to the ladies’ room during intermission—â€Å"she looked idly around for the symbol she’d seen the other night†¦but all the walls, surprisingly, were blank. She could not say why, exactly, but felt threatened by this absence of even the marginal try at communication latrines are known for† (Pynchon 53). The mention of â€Å"marginal communication† is indicative of Oedipa’s frustration with the lack thereof in her own life, and obsessive search for more information on the Trystero. The way Oedipa wants to turn the mystery of the Trystero into a constellation, relates to the problem of communication theme. The real problem to Oedipa is why Driblette referred to the Trystero in his production of The Couriers Tragedy, but once again, his death acts as a breaking down of communication, which prevents her from ever finding out. Her labeling the Trystero as a constellation is a feeble attempt—it does not hold up as truly ordered. Oedipas quest to construct a constellation seems to indicate that she is only looking for a superficial system. Indeed, she never succeeds in figuring out the meaning behind the Trystero, and, further, the novel ends with the very strong likelihood that the mystery may hold no mystery at all. And just as she is unable to piece together the puzzle of the Trystero, she is similarly unable to refashion her life after it begins to fall apart. Oedipa has placed all of her time and effort into finding an answer for her mystery quest that it becomes her hope for placing meaning in her own life—â€Å"the Trystero [could] bring an end to her encapsulation in her tower† (Pynchon 31). Pynchon also uses the concepts of entropy and the possibility of meaning to emphasize the huge gaps between theory and understanding that theory, which is something Oedipa will perpetually struggle with. Entropy being the tendency of things to disorder themselves over time into chaos is a perfect symbol of what Oedipa is threatening to become as she becomes more and more frustrated with lack of communication, as well as becoming less and less sure of what is or is not reality: â€Å"she had only to drift†¦at random, and watch nothing happen, to be convinced it was purely nervous, a little something for her shrink to fix† (Pynchon 88). The Nefastis Machine, supposedly working against entropy, is a model for the themes of order and disorder through the novel. Like the machine, interpretation is an effort to impose order on disorder, but also like the machine, that interpretation is itself founded upon disorder. The entire ordering structure is called into question; Oedipa turns out not to be a sensitive, and she is never able to solve the story of the Trystero. Ultimately, Pynchon’s ability to use communication as a basis for something that should create order, instead ironically creating disorder—makes it nearly impossible to distinguish between the two, which leads characters such as Oedipa and Dr. Hilarius to attempt to translating order and meaning out of random things, not ever entirely sure whether or not they are hallucinating. Oedipa, in the end does not even attempt to deny that she is committed to attach meaning to things that may not coincide with what she believes—â€Å"Nothing†¦could touch her. Nothing did. The repetition of symbols was to be enough†¦she tested it, shivering: ‘I am meant to remember. Each clue that comes is supposed to have its own clarity, its fine chances for permanence’ † (Pynchon 95). Dr. Hilarius, in a sense, is used to help Oedipa temporarily see communication as potentially workable—Dr. Hilarius gets to finish his sentences and convey his opinions to her, raving or otherwise. By telling her to â€Å"cherish it,† it adds to the theme of attaching meaning to chaos where possible, â€Å"to hold it dear, for when you lose it, you go over by that much to the others. You begin to cease to be† (Pynchon 113). Although Oedipa still begins to lose herself through isolation resulting from being unable to make sense of the Trystero, it is clear that it is an almighty struggle to let go of the compulsion to make sense of nonsense. Finally, Pynchon is careful to highlight the fact that Oedipa becomes increasingly isolated from other people. The most striking image of this isolation comes early in chapter five, when Pynchon writes, Oedipa sat, feeling as alone as she ever had, now the only woman, she cannot even relieve her boredom and isolation by engaging in sex (Pynchon 94). She has distanced herself from her husband, her physician, and even her lover. Her social world is disintegrating along with the culture in which she lives. This part is useful in explaining how her obsession is obviously intertwined with finding meaning in a perceived conspiracy, because if it is not, the fact that these things in her life are completely meaningless will become her personal hell, which she cannot face. This is why the end of the novel shows Oedipa clinging to the hope that the crier of Lot 49 will be a link to her theory. The Crying of Lot 49 displays a fragmented world in which there are always winding distractions, in which information leads to more of the same, rather than to answers. In the face of such an onslaught of information communication breakdowns, Oedipa feels compelled to impose interpretations that might not fit for the simple reason that she needs a constellation,† recognizable, to hold on to. In trying to create order, Oedipa alienates herself from the very world she is trying to organize. As the novel demonstrates, in the Trystero conspiracy Oedipa, in vain, tries to solve, in the ending that is not really an ending at all, reality can be constructed as a way to validate importance in individuals’ existences.

Same Sex Marriage Essays (292 words) - Sexual Orientation, Gender

Same Sex Marriage Society does not accept same sex marriges. There are various reasons for this. Many people feel that same sex marriges are not natural, and go against religious beliefs. Some people may be homophobic feel that gays and lesbians do not deserve to be united legally on paper, or under the blessings of God. Homosexuals want to marry for the same reason that heterosexuals have and there should be no reason why they are not allowed to. Marriage is much more than merely a commitment to love one another. Aside from societal and religious conventions, marriage involves legally imposed financial responsibility and legally authorized financial benefits. Marriage provides automatic legal protections for the spouse, including medical visitation. They become a legal beneficiary of a deceased spouse's property, as well as pension and other rights. When two adults want to be married in the eyes of the law, as well a perhaps promise in the eyes of the Lord and their friends and family, to be responsible for the obligations of marriage as well as to enjoy its benefits, the law should not interfere with that simply because they are of the same gender. By not allowing same sex marriges, we are saying that gays and lesbians do not have the same rights as a heterosexual couple and that is not right. It seems like they are considered not to be normal. I don't even think there is a normal for anyone anymore. They cannot benefit from eachother the way a heterosexual married couple would be able to. The only people that benefit from this are the people that do not accept same sex marriges. Personally I do not believe that they are hurting anyone by wanting to get married. Bibliography I don't have one